Compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

ABSTRACT

A compound is of Formula 1, as disclosed herein.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority from and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2019-0131391, filed on Oct. 22, 2019, which is herebyincorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND Field

Exemplary implementations of the invention relate generally to acompound and, more particularly, to a compound useful in an organiclight emitting device and apparatuses including the same.

Discussion of the Background

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wideviewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, andexcellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, andresponse speed, compared to devices in the art.

An example of the organic light-emitting devices may include a firstelectrode located on a substrate, and a hole transport region, anemission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode,which are sequentially located on the first electrode. Holes providedfrom the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through thehole transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrodemay move toward the emission layer through the electron transportregion. Carriers, such as holes and electrons, recombine in the emissionlayer to produce excitons. These excitons transit from an excited stateto a ground state, thereby generating light.

The above information disclosed in this Background section is only forunderstanding of the background of the inventive concepts, and,therefore, it may contain information that does not constitute priorart.

SUMMARY

Applicant realized that many existing organic light-emitting devicessuffer from luminescent inefficiencies.

Compounds for organic light-emitting devices and apparatuses includingthe same made according to the principles and exemplary implementationsof the invention provide a luminescent material having better efficiencycharacteristics than known compounds. More particularly, exemplarycompounds of the invention have a high triplet energy and thus reverseintersystem crossing (RISC) to a singlet state easily occurs, leading tohigh efficiency of organic light-emitting devices containing suchcompounds.

For example, the compound of Formula 1 according to some exemplaryembodiments of the invention has maximized electron transport capacity.When the compound is used in an emission layer of an organiclight-emitting device, the electron-hole recombination zone is enlargedcompared to the materials of the related art. Therefore, when theemission layer of the organic light-emitting device includes thecompound of Formula 1 according to at least one exemplary embodiment,the efficiency is increased. The compound of Formula 1 according to someexemplary embodiments functions as a delayed fluorescent host.

Additional features of the inventive concepts will be set forth in thedescription which follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the inventive concepts.

According to one aspect of the invention, an organic light-emittingdevice includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the firstelectrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode andthe second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the firstelectrode and the second electrode each independently include at leastone selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum(Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In),magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), tinoxide (SnO₂) and indium zinc oxide (IZO), and wherein the organic layerincludes the compound of Formula 1 below:

wherein, the variables are defined herein.

The variables R1 to R4 in Formula 1 may each be, independently from oneanother, a unsubstituted or substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, aunsubstituted or substituted C6-C60 aryl group, a unsubstituted orsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic fusedpolycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclicgroup.

The variables R1 to R4 in Formula 1 may each be, independently from oneanother various optionally substituted groups as defined herein.

The variables L1 and L2 in Formula 1 may each be, independently from oneanother various optionally substituted groups as defined herein.

The variables 1 and m may each be, independently from one another, 0 or1.

The variables R1 to R4 may each be, independently from one another, aformula of Formulae 2a to 2d:

wherein the variables are defined herein.

The variables L1 and L2 may each be, independently from one another, acompound of Formula 3a:

wherein the variables are defined herein.

The compound of Formula 1 may be a compound of Formula 2 below:

wherein the variables are defined herein.

The compound of Formula 1 may be a compound of Formula 3 below:

wherein the variables are defined herein.

The variable R12 may be hydrogen or deuterium.

The compound of Formula 1 may be a compound of Formula 4 below:

wherein the variables are defined herein.

The compound of Formula 1 may be one of the compounds 1 to 109 asdefined herein.

The first electrode may include an anode, the second electrode mayinclude a cathode, and the organic layer may include i) a hole transportregion disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer andmay include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a bufferlayer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and ii)an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and thesecond electrode and may include a hole blocking layer, an electrontransport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combinationthereof.

The emission layer may include the compound of Formula 1 as definedabove.

The emission layer may include a fluorescent emission layer.

The emission layer may include a host, wherein the host may include thecompound of Formula 1 as defined above.

The compound may be a delayed fluorescent host.

The emission layer may include a blue emission layer.

According to another aspect of the invention, an electronic apparatusincluding a thin-film transistor and the organic light-emitting deviceas defined above wherein the thin-film transistor may include a sourceelectrode, a drain electrode, an activation layer, and a gate electrode,and the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device may be inelectrical contact with one of the source electrode and the drainelectrode of the thin-film transistor

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and areintended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of theinvention, and together with the description serve to explain theinventive concepts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an exemplary embodimentof an organic light-emitting device constructed according to principlesof the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of another exemplaryembodiment of an organic light-emitting device constructed according toprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of yet another exemplaryembodiment of an organic light-emitting device constructed according toprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of still another exemplaryembodiment of an organic light-emitting device constructed according toprinciples of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerousspecific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of various exemplary embodiments or implementations of theinvention. As used herein “embodiments” and “implementations” areinterchangeable words that are non-limiting examples of devices ormethods employing one or more of the inventive concepts disclosedherein. It is apparent, however, that various exemplary embodiments maybe practiced without these specific details or with one or moreequivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures anddevices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring various exemplary embodiments. Further, various exemplaryembodiments may be different, but do not have to be exclusive. Forexample, specific shapes, configurations, and characteristics of anexemplary embodiment may be used or implemented in another exemplaryembodiment without departing from the inventive concepts.

Unless otherwise specified, the illustrated exemplary embodiments are tobe understood as providing exemplary features of varying detail of someways in which the inventive concepts may be implemented in practice.Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the features, components,modules, layers, films, panels, regions, and/or aspects, etc.(hereinafter individually or collectively referred to as “elements”), ofthe various embodiments may be otherwise combined, separated,interchanged, and/or rearranged without departing from the inventiveconcepts.

The use of cross-hatching and/or shading in the accompanying drawings isgenerally provided to clarify boundaries between adjacent elements. Assuch, neither the presence nor the absence of cross-hatching or shadingconveys or indicates any preference or requirement for particularmaterials, material properties, dimensions, proportions, commonalitiesbetween illustrated elements, and/or any other characteristic,attribute, property, etc., of the elements, unless specified. Further,in the accompanying drawings, the size and relative sizes of elementsmay be exaggerated for clarity and/or descriptive purposes. When anexemplary embodiment may be implemented differently, a specific processorder may be performed differently from the described order. Forexample, two consecutively described processes may be performedsubstantially at the same time or performed in an order opposite to thedescribed order. Also, like reference numerals denote like elements.

When an element, such as a layer, is referred to as being “on,”“connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may bedirectly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer orintervening elements or layers may be present. When, however, an elementor layer is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,”or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are nointervening elements or layers present. To this end, the term“connected” may refer to physical, electrical, and/or fluid connection,with or without intervening elements. Further, the D1-axis, the D2-axis,and the D3-axis are not limited to three axes of a rectangularcoordinate system, such as the x, y, and z-axes, and may be interpretedin a broader sense. For example, the D1-axis, the D2-axis, and theD3-axis may be perpendicular to one another, or may represent differentdirections that are not perpendicular to one another. For the purposesof this disclosure, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” and “at least oneselected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” may be construed as Xonly, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z,such as, for instance, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. As used herein, the term“and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items.

Although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein todescribe various types of elements, these elements should not be limitedby these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element fromanother element. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed asecond element without departing from the teachings of the disclosure.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “under,” “lower,”“above,” “upper,” “over,” “higher,” “side” (e.g., as in “sidewall”), andthe like, may be used herein for descriptive purposes, and, thereby, todescribe one elements relationship to another element(s) as illustratedin the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompassdifferent orientations of an apparatus in use, operation, and/ormanufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. Forexample, if the apparatus in the drawings is turned over, elementsdescribed as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would thenbe oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplaryterm “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below.Furthermore, the apparatus may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90degrees or at other orientations), and, as such, the spatially relativedescriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, thesingular forms, “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the pluralforms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Moreover,the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,”when used in this specification, specify the presence of statedfeatures, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/orgroups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one ormore other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof. It is also noted that, as used herein, the terms“substantially,” “about,” and other similar terms, are used as terms ofapproximation and not as terms of degree, and, as such, are utilized toaccount for inherent deviations in measured, calculated, and/or providedvalues that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure is a part. Terms,such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should beinterpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning inthe context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in anidealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.

Compounds having a structure in which a pyrimidine or triazine skeletonis linked through a phenylene linkage are known in the art. However, thetype of substituents of such structures is limited and the disclosedstructures only function as delayed fluorescence dopants in organiclight-emitting devices.

Compounds according to the embodiment of the present disclosure aredelayed fluorescence host materials that function as a delayedfluorescence host instead of a dopant, and maximize an electrontransporting ability to optimize electron-hole recombination zonecompared to the related art compound.

According to one exemplary embodiment of the invention, a compound isrepresented by Formula 1.

wherein, in Formula 1,

X₁ may be N or CR₁₁, X₂ may be N or CR₁₂, X₃ may be N or CR₁₃, and atleast one of X₁ to X₃ may be N,

R₁ to R₅ and R₁₁ to R₁₃ may each independently be selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂),—P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and the case inwhich at least one of R₁ to R₄ is an N-containing 6-membered heteroarylgroup is excluded.

L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₄-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

1 and m may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

a may be an integer from 1 to 4,

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted, a C₆-C₆₀arylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₄-C₆₀carbocyclic group, and the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group isselected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group—Si(Q_(ii))(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may eachindependently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

The N-containing 6-membered heteroaryl group may be, for example,pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, tetrazin,pentazine, or hexazine.

In an exemplary embodiment, R₁ to R₄ in Formula 1 may each independentlybe selected from a unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aunsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a unsubstituted orsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group.

In an exemplary embodiment, R₁ to R₄ in Formula 1 may each independentlybe selected from a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, animidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, animidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and—P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂).

In an exemplary embodiment, L₁ and L₂ in Formula 1 may eachindependently be selected from a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, afluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylenegroup, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, ananthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylenegroup, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylenegroup, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylenegroup, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylenegroup, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylenegroup, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, abenzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylenegroup, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylenegroup, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, aphenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylenegroup, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and anazacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, and an azacarbazolyl group.

In an exemplary embodiment, 1 and m may each independently be 0 or 1.For example, 1 and m may each 0 or 1. For example, 1 is 0 and m is 1, or1 is 1 and m is 0.

In an exemplary embodiment, R₁ to R₄ in Formula 1 may each independentlybe selected from Formulae 2a to 2d:

H₁ in Formulae 2a to 2d may be O, S, or NR₁₁,

Z₁ to Z₉, and R₁₁ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzimidazolyl group,and a phenanthrolinyl group,

a1 may be an integer from 1 to 5, a5 may be an integer from 1 to 4, a6and a7 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 3, a8 and a9 mayeach independently be an integer from 1 to 4, and * indicates a bindingsite to a neighboring atom.

In an exemplary embodiment, L₁ and L₂ in Formula 1 may eachindependently be selected from groups represented by Formula 3a:

Z₁₁ in Formula 3a may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, apyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, and a phenanthrolinyl group,

a11 may be an integer from 1 to 4, and * indicates a binding site to aneighboring atom.

In an exemplary embodiment, Z₁₁ may be hydrogen or deuterium.

In an exemplary embodiment, Formula 1 may be a symmetric compound.

In an exemplary embodiment, Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 2below:

R1 to R5, L1, and 1 in Formula 2 may be the same as described inconnection with Formula 1.

In an exemplary embodiment, Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 3below:

R1 to R5, R12, L1, and 1 in Formula 3 are the same as described inconnection with Formula 1.

In an exemplary embodiment, R12 in Formula 3 may be hydrogen ordeuterium.

In an exemplary embodiment, Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 4below:

R1 to R5, R13, L1 and 1 in Formula 4 are the same as described inconnection with Formula 1.

In an exemplary embodiment, R5 in Formulae 2 to 4 may be hydrogen ordeuterium.

In an exemplary embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 1 may beone of the following compounds:

The expression “(an organic layer) includes at least one compound” asused herein may include a case in which “(an organic layer) includesidentical compounds represented by Formula 1” and a case in which “(anorganic layer) includes two or more different compounds represented byFormula 1”.

For example, the organic layer may include, as the amine compound, onlyCompound 1. Compound 1 may exist only in the emission layer of theorganic light-emitting device. In one or more exemplary embodiments, theorganic layer may include, as the amine compound, Compound 1 andCompound 2. In this regard, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may exist in anidentical layer (for example, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may all exist inan emission layer), or different layers (for example, Compound 1 mayexist in an emission layer and Compound 2 may exist in an electrontransport region).

In an exemplary embodiment, an organic light-emitting device includes:

a first electrode;

a second electrode facing the first electrode; and

an organic layer located between the first electrode and the secondelectrode and including an emission layer,

wherein the organic layer includes the compound of Formula 1.

In an exemplary embodiment,

the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device may be ananode,

the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device may be acathode, and

the organic layer may further include a hole transport region locatedbetween the first electrode and the emission layer and an electrontransport region located between the emission layer and the secondelectrode,

the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a holetransport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blockinglayer, or any combination thereof, and

the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, anelectron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or anycombination thereof.

In an exemplary embodiment, the emission layer may be a fluorescentemission layer.

In an exemplary embodiment, the compound of Formula 1 may be used in theemission layer.

In an exemplary embodiment, the emission layer may be a fluorescentemission layer.

In an exemplary embodiment, the emission layer may include a host, andthe host may include the compound. For example, the host may consist ofthe compound.

In an exemplary embodiment, the compound may act as a delayedfluorescent host. For example, the compound of Formula 1 may act as thedelayed fluorescent host in the emission layer.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the emission layer may be a blueemission layer.

Some exemplary embodiments provide an electronic apparatus including: athin-film transistor; and the organic light-emitting device, wherein thethin-film transistor includes a source electrode, a drain electrode, anactivation layer, and a gate electrode, and the first electrode of theorganic light-emitting device may be in electrical connection with oneof the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin-filmtransistor.

The term “an organic layer” as used herein refers to a single layerand/or a plurality of layers located between the first electrode and thesecond electrode of an organic light-emitting device. A materialincluded in the “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.

Description of FIG. 1

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an exemplary embodimentof an organic light-emitting device constructed according to principlesof the invention.

The organic light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110,an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190. Hereinafter, thestructure of the organic light-emitting device 10 according to anexemplary embodiment and a method of manufacturing the organiclight-emitting device 10 will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

First Electrode 110

In FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally located under the firstelectrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be aglass substrate or a plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanicalstrength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease ofhandling, and water resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering amaterial for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When thefirst electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the firstelectrode 110 may be selected from materials with a high work functionto facilitate hole injection.

The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-reflectiveelectrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 isa transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode maybe selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tinoxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combinations thereof, but theexemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. In one or more exemplaryembodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissiveelectrode or a reflective electrode, a material for forming the firstelectrode 110 may be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum(Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In),magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and any combinations thereof, but theexemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, thefirst electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO,but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

Organic Layer 150

The organic layer 150 is located on the first electrode 110. The organiclayer 150 may include the emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include the hole transport regionbetween the first electrode 110 and the emission layer and the electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode190.

Hole Transport Region in the Organic Layer 150

The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The hole transport region may include at least one layer selected from ahole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliarylayer, and an electron blocking layer.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layeredstructure including a single layer including a plurality of differentmaterials, or a multi-layered structure having a hole injectionlayer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/holetransport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injectionlayer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transportlayer/emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer/holetransport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein for eachstructure, constituting layers are sequentially stacked from the firstelectrode 110 in this stated order, but the structure of the holetransport region is not limited thereto.

In an exemplary embodiment, the hole transport region may include atleast one selected from 4,4′,4″-tris[phenyl(m-tolyl)amino]triphenylamine(m-MTDATA),1-N,1-N-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-4-N,4-N-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine(TDATA), 4,4′,4″-Tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA),N,N′-di(naphtalene-1-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB or NPD),N4,N4′-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-N4,N4′-diphenyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine(β-NPB),N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine(TPD),4(N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-9,9-spirobifluorene-2,7-diamine(spiro-TPD), 2,7-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)anilino]-9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluorene](spiro-NPB),2,2′-dimethyl-N,N′-di-[(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl]-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine(methylated-NPB), 4,4′-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC),4,4′-bis[N,N′-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD),4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA),polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), andpolyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS):

The thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. Whenthe hole transport region includes at least one selected from the holeinjection layer and the hole transport layer, the thickness of the holeinjection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, andfor example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the holetransport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, andfor example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of thehole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transportlayer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transportingcharacteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase light-emission efficiency bycompensating for the optical resonance distance according to thewavelength of light emitted by the emission layer, and the electronblocking layer may block the flow of electrons from the electrontransport region. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blockinglayer may include the materials as described above.

p-Dopant

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to thesematerials, a charge-generation material for the improvement ofconductive properties. The charge-generation material may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transportregion.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

In an exemplary embodiment, the p-dopant may have a lowest unoccupiedmolecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of about −3.5 eV or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinonederivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, butthe exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

In an exemplary embodiment, the p-dopant may include at least oneselected from:

a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ);

a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide;

1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

a compound represented by Formula 221 below, but the exemplaryembodiments are not limited thereto:

In Formula 221,

8221 to 8223 may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein at least oneselected from R221 to R223 may have at least one substituent selectedfrom a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C1-C20 alkyl group substitutedwith —F, a C1-C20 alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C1-C20 alkyl groupsubstituted with —Br, and a C1-C20 alkyl group substituted with —I.

Emission Layer in the Organic Layer 150

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer,according to a representative sub-pixel. In one or more exemplaryembodiments, the emission layer may have a stacked structure of two ormore layers selected from the red emission layer, the green emissionlayer, and the blue emission layer, in which the two or more layerscontact each other or are separated from each other. In one or moreexemplary embodiments, the emission layer may include two or morematerials selected from a red light-emitting material, a greenlight-emitting material, and a blue light-emitting material, in whichthe two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer toemit white light. In some exemplary embodiments, the emission layer maybe patterned or include a blue emission layer.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant mayinclude at least one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and afluorescent dopant.

In the emission layer, an amount of the dopant may be in a range ofabout 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight based on 100parts by weight of the host, but the exemplary embodiments are notlimited thereto.

The thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When thethickness of the emission layer is within this range, excellentlight-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantialincrease in driving voltage.

The emission layer may include the host.

Host in the Emission Layer

The host may include the compound represented by Formula 1.

The host may further include, in addition to the compound represented by

Formula 1, for example, a compound represented by Formula 601 discussedherein.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the host may include a compoundrepresented by Formula 301 below:

[Ar301]xb11-[(L301)xb1-R301]xb21  <Formula 301>

In Formula 301,

Ar301 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C60 carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group,

xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L301 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xb1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R301 may be selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q301)(Q302)(Q303), —N(Q301)(Q302),—B(Q301)(Q302), —C(═O)(Q301), —S(═O)2(Q301), and —P(═O)(Q301)(Q302),

xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5, and

Q301 to Q303 may each independently be selected from a C1-C10 alkylgroup, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but the exemplary embodiments arenot limited thereto.

In an exemplary embodiment, Ar301 in Formula 301 may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, aC1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32),—C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), and —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32),

wherein Q31 to Q33 may each independently be selected from a C1-C10alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but the exemplary embodiments arenot limited thereto.

When xb11 in Formula 301 is 2 or more, two or more Ar301(s) may belinked to each other via a single bond.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the compound represented byFormula 301 may be represented by Formula 301-1 or 301-2 below:

In Formulae 301-1 and 301-2,

A301 to A304 may each independently be selected from a benzene ring, anaphthalene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a fluoranthene ring, atriphenylene ring, a pyrene ring, a chrysene ring, a pyridine ring, apyrimidine ring, an indene ring, a fluorene ring, a spiro-bifluorenering, a benzofluorene ring, a dibenzofluorene ring, an indole ring, acarbazole ring, a benzocarbazole ring, a dibenzocarbazole ring, a furanring, a benzofuran ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a naphthofuran ring, abenzonaphthofuran ring, a dinaphthofuran ring, a thiophene ring, abenzothiophene ring, a dibenzothiophene ring, a naphthothiophene ring, abenzonaphthothiophene ring, and a dinaphthothiophene ring,

X301 may be O, S, or N-[(L304)xb4-R304],

R311 to R314 may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32),—B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), and —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32),

xb22 and xb23 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

L301, xb1, R301, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each the same as described above,

L302 to L304 are each independently the same as described in connectionwith L301,

xb2 to xb4 may each be understood by referring to the descriptionpresented in connection with xb1, and

R302 to R304 may each be understood by referring to the descriptionpresented in connection with R301.

For example, L301 to L304 in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2 may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32),—B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), and —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above.

In an exemplary embodiment, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, R301 toR304 may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolylgroup, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31),—S(═O)2(Q31), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the host may include an alkalineearth metal complex. For example, the host may be selected from a Becomplex (for example, Compound H55), a Mg complex, and a Zn complex.

The host may include at least one selected from9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN),2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN),9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN),4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene(mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and Compounds H1 to H55below, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

Phosphorescent dopant included in the emission layer in the organiclayer 150

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complexrepresented by Formula 401 below:

In Formulae 401 and 402,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd),osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu),terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

L401 may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 402, and xc1may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein, when xc1 is 2 or more, two or more L401(s)may be identical to or different from each other,

L402 may be an organic ligand, and xc2 may be an integer from 0 to 4,wherein, when xc2 is 2 or more, two or more L402(s) may be identical toor different from each other,

X401 to X404 may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

X401 and X403 may be linked to each other via a single bond or a doublebond, and X402 and X404 may be linked to each other via a single bond ora double bond,

A401 and A402 may each independently be selected from a C5-C60carbocyclic group or a C1-C60 heterocyclic group,

X405 may be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q411)-*′,*—C(Q411)(Q412)-*′, *—C(Q411)=C(Q412)-*′, *—C(Q411)=*′, or *═C(Q411)=*′,wherein Q411 and Q412 may be hydrogen, deuterium, a C1-C20 alkyl group,a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, or a naphthyl group,

X406 may be a single bond, O, or S,

R401 and R402 may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C1-C20 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q401)(Q402)(Q403),—N(Q401)(Q402), —B(Q401)(Q402), —C(═O)(Q401), —S(═O)2(Q401), and—P(═O)(Q401)(Q402), and Q401 to Q403 may each independently be selectedfrom a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a C6-C20 aryl group,and a C1-C20 heteroaryl group,

xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, and

* and *′ in Formula 402 each indicate a binding site to M in Formula401.

In an exemplary embodiment, A401 and A402 in Formula 402 may eachindependently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, afluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrolegroup, a thiophene group, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazolegroup, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, anisoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group,a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, abenzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, acarbazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzofuran group, abenzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group,an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, anoxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, and adibenzothiophene group.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, in Formula 402, i) X401 may benitrogen, and X402 may be carbon, or ii) X401 and X402 may be nitrogenat the same time.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, R401 and R402 in Formula 402 mayeach independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC1-C20 alkyl group, and a C1-C20 alkoxy group;

a C1-C20 alkyl group, and a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, and a norbornenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

—Si(Q401)(Q402)(Q403), —N(Q401)(Q402), —B(Q401)(Q402), —C(═O)(Q401),—S(═O)2(Q401), and —P(═O)(Q401)(Q402),

wherein Q401 to Q403 may each independently be selected from a C1-C10alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group,and a naphthyl group, but the exemplary embodiments are not limitedthereto.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, when xc1 in Formula 401 is 2 ormore, two A401(s) in two or more L401(s) may optionally be linked toeach other via X407, which is a linking group, or two A402(s) in two ormore L401(s) may optionally be linked to each other via X408, which is alinking group (see Compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7). X407 and X408 may eachindependently be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′,*—N(Q413)-*′, *—C(Q413)(Q414)-*′, or *—C(Q413)=C(Q414)-*′ (wherein Q413and Q414 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a C1-C20 alkylgroup, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, or a naphthyl group), but the exemplary embodiments arenot limited thereto.

L402 in Formula 401 may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organicligand. For example, L402 may be selected from halogen, diketone (forexample, acetylacetonate), carboxylic acid (for example, picolinate),—C(═O), isonitrile, —CN, and phosphorus (for example, phosphine orphosphite), but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may beselected from, for example, Compounds PD1 to PD25 below, but theexemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

Fluorescent Dopant in the Emission Layer

The fluorescent dopant may include an arylamine compound or astyrylamine compound, and the emission layer may be a fluorescentemission layer.

The fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501below:

In Formula 501,

Ar501 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C60 carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group,

L501 to L503 may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

R501 and R502 may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,and

xd4 may be an integer from 1 to 6.

In an exemplary embodiment, Ar501 in Formula 501 may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, aC1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, L501 to L503 in Formula 501 mayeach independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, R501 and R502 in Formula 501 mayeach independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C1-C10alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2, butthe exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

For example, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from Compounds FD1to FD22 below:

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may beselected from the following compounds, but the exemplary embodiments arenot limited thereto.

Quantum Dot in Emission Layer

The IV-VI group compound may be selected from: a binary compoundselected from SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and any mixture thereof;a ternary compound selected from SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe,PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and any mixture thereof; and a quaternarycompound selected from SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and any mixturethereof. The IV group element may be selected from Si, Ge, and anymixture thereof. The IV group compound may be a binary compound selectedfrom SiC, SiGe, and any mixture thereof.

The binary compound, the ternary compound, or the quaternary compoundmay exist in particles at uniform concentration, or may exist in thesame particle in a state in which a concentration distribution ispartially different. In addition, the binary compound, the ternarycompound, or the quaternary compound may have a core-shell structure inwhich one quantum dot surrounds another quantum dot. An interfacebetween the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient inwhich the concentration of atoms existing in the shell decreases towardthe center.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the quantum dot may have acore-shell structure including a core with the above-describednanoparticles and a shell surrounding the core. The shell of the quantumdot may serve as a protective layer for maintaining semiconductorcharacteristics by preventing chemical degeneration of the core and/ormay serve as a charging layer for imparting electrophoreticcharacteristics to the quantum dot. The shell may be a single layer or amultilayer. An interface between the core and the shell may have aconcentration gradient in which the concentration of atoms existing inthe shell decreases toward the center. Examples of the shell of thequantum dot may include a metal or non-metal oxide, a semiconductorcompound, or any combination thereof.

For example, examples of the metal or non-metal oxide may include abinary compound such as SiO2, Al₂O₃, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO,FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, NiO, or a ternary compound such asMgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4, but the exemplary embodiments arenot limited thereto.

In addition, examples of the semiconductor compound may include CdS,CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe,HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, and the like, but theexemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

A full width of half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrumof the quantum dot may be no more than about 45 nm, for example, no morethan about 40 nm, for example, no more than about 30 nm. In addition,light emitted through such quantum dot is irradiated in omnidirection,thereby improving the wide viewing angle.

More specifically, a spherical, a pyramidal, a multi-arm, or a cubicnanoparticle, a nanotube, a nanowire, a nanofiber, or a nanoplateparticle may be used.

The quantum dot may adjust the color of emitted light according to theparticle size. Therefore, the quantum dot may various emission colorssuch as blue, red, or green.

Electron Transport Region in the Organic Layer 150

The electron transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from ahole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transportlayer, and an electron injection layer, but the exemplary embodimentsare not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have an electrontransport layer/electron injection layer structure, a hole blockinglayer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, anelectron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layerstructure, or an electron transport layer/electron injection layerstructure, wherein for each structure, constituting layers aresequentially stacked from the emission layer. However, exemplaryembodiments of the structure of the electron transport region are notlimited thereto.

The electron transport may include a compound represented by Formula 601below:

[Ar601]xe11-[(L601)xe1-R601]xe21  <Formula 601>

In Formula 601,

Ar601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C60 carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group,

xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L601 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xe1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R601 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q601)(Q602)(Q603), —C(═O)(Q601),—S(═O)2(Q601), and —P(═O)(Q601)(Q602),

Q601 to Q603 may each independently be a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or anaphthyl group, and

xe21 may be an integer from 1 to 5.

In an exemplary embodiment, at least one of Ar601(s) in the number ofxe11 and R601(s) in the number of xe21 may include the πelectron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.

In an exemplary embodiment, Ar601 in Formula 601 may be selected from:

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group,—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —S(═O)2(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C1-C10alkyl group, a C1-C10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

When xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or more, two or more Ar601(s) may belinked to each other via a single bond.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, Ar601 in Formula 601 may be ananthracene group.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, a compound represented by Formula601 may be represented by Formula 601-1 below:

In Formula 601-1,

X614 may be N or C(R614), X615 may be N or C(R615), X616 may be N orC(R616), and at least one selected from X614 to X616 may be N,

L611 to L613 may each independently be the same as described inconnection with L601,

xe611 to xe613 may each be understood by referring to the descriptionpresented in connection with xe1,

R611 to R613 may each independently be the same as described inconnection with R601, and

R614 to R616 may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In an exemplary embodiment, L601 and L611 to L613 in Formulae 601 and601-1 may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, and an azacarbazolyl group.

However, the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formulae601 and 601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, R601 and R611 to R613 in Formula601 and 601-1 may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

—S(═O)2(Q601) and —P(═O)(Q601)(Q602),

wherein Q601 and Q602 are the same as described above.

The electron transport region may include at least one compound selectedfrom Compounds ET1 to ET36 below, but the exemplary embodiments are notlimited thereto:

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the electron transport region mayinclude at least one selected from2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP),4,7-dphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen),tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3),bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum(BAlq), 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole(TAZ), and 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ):

In an exemplary embodiment, the electron transport region may include aphosphine oxide-containing compound (for example, TSPO1 used in thefollowing examples or the like), but the exemplary embodiments are notlimited thereto. In an exemplary embodiment, the phosphineoxide-containing compound may be used in the hole blocking layer in theelectron transport region, but the exemplary embodiments are not limitedthereto.

Thicknesses of the hole blocking layer and the electron control layermay each be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example,about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole blockinglayer and the electron control layer are within these ranges, theelectron blocking layer may have excellent electron blockingcharacteristics or electron control characteristics without asubstantial increase in driving voltage.

The thickness of the electron transport layer may be from about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When thethickness of the electron transport layer is within the range describedabove, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electrontransport characteristics without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

The electron transport region (for example, the electron transport layerin the electron transport region) may further include, in addition tothe materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include at least one selected fromalkali metal complex and alkaline earth-metal complex. The alkali metalcomplex may include a metal ion selected from a Li ion, a Na ion, a Kion, a Rb ion, and a Cs ion, and the alkaline earth-metal complex mayinclude a metal ion selected from a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Srion, and a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkalimetal complex or the alkaline earth-metal complex may be selected from ahydroxy quinoline, a hydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, ahydroxy acridine, a hydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenyloxazole, ahydroxy phenylthiazole, a hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxy phenylpyridine, a hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, aphenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but the exemplary embodiments arenot limited thereto.

For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. TheLi complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate,LiQ) or ET-D2 below:

The electron transport region may include the electron injection layerthat facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 190. Theelectron injection layer may be in direct contact with the secondelectrode 190.

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkalineearth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkalineearth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metalcomplex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, orany combination thereof.

The alkali metal may be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In anexemplary embodiment, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one ormore exemplary embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but theexemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare earth metal may be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Gd.

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth-metal compound, and therare earth metal compound may be selected from oxides and halides (forexample, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides) of the alkalimetal, the alkaline earth-metal, and the rare earth metal.

The alkali metal compound may be selected from alkali metal oxides, suchas Li2O, Cs2O, or K2O, and alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF,KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI. In an exemplary embodiment, the alkali metalcompound may be selected from LiF, Li2O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, butthe exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth-metal compound may be selected from alkalineearth-metal oxides, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, BaxSr(1-x)O (0<x<1), orBaxCa(1-x)O (0<x<1). In an exemplary embodiment, the alkalineearth-metal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but theexemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

The rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF3, ScF3, ScO3,Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, and TbF3. In an exemplary embodiment, the rareearth metal compound may be selected from YbF3, ScF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3,and TbI3, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rareearth metal complex may include an ion of alkali metal, alkalineearth-metal, and rare earth metal as described above, and a ligandcoordinated with a metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkalineearth-metal complex, or the rare earth metal complex may be selectedfrom hydroxy quinoline, hydroxy isoquinoline, hydroxy benzoquinoline,hydroxy acridine, hydroxy phenanthridine, hydroxy phenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole,hydroxy phenylpyridine, hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene,but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may consist of an alkali metal, an alkalineearth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkalineearth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metalcomplex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, orany combination thereof, as described above. In one or more exemplaryembodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organicmaterial. When the electron injection layer further includes an organicmaterial, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal,an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earthmetal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metalcomplex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combinations thereof may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including theorganic material.

The thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When thethickness of the electron injection layer is within these ranges,satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained withoutsubstantial increase in driving voltage.

Second Electrode 190

The second electrode 190 is located on the organic layer 150 having sucha structure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode which is anelectron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for formingthe second electrode 190 may be selected from metal, an alloy, anelectrically conductive compound, and a combination thereof, which havea relatively low work function.

The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium(Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium(Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver(Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO, but the exemplary embodiments are not limitedthereto. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode. The secondelectrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layeredstructure including two or more layers.

Description of FIGS. 2 to 4

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of another exemplaryembodiment of an organic light-emitting device constructed according toprinciples of the invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectionaldiagram of yet another exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emittingdevice constructed according to principles of the invention. FIG. 4 is aschematic cross-sectional diagram of still another exemplary embodimentof an organic light-emitting device constructed according to principlesof the invention.

An organic light-emitting device 20 of FIG. 2 has a structure in which afirst capping layer 210, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150,and the second electrode 190 are sequentially stacked in this statedorder, an organic light-emitting device 30 of FIG. 3 has a structure inwhich the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, the secondelectrode 190, and a second capping layer 220 are sequentially stackedin this stated order, and an organic light-emitting device 40 of FIG. 4has a structure in which the first capping layer 210, the firstelectrode 110, the organic layer 150, the second electrode 190, and thesecond capping layer 220 are sequentially stacked in this stated order.

Regarding FIGS. 2 to 4, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150,and the second electrode 190 may be understood by referring to thecorresponding descriptions provided in connection with FIG. 1.

In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emitting devices20 and 40, light generated in the emission layer may pass through thefirst electrode 110 and the first capping layer 210 toward the outside,wherein the first electrode 110 may be a semi-transmissive electrode ora transmissive electrode. In the organic layer 150 of each of theorganic light-emitting devices 30 and 40, light generated in an emissionlayer may pass through the second electrode 190 and the second cappinglayer 220 toward the outside, wherein the second electrode 190 may be asemi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 mayincrease external luminescence efficiency according to the principle ofconstructive interference.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may eachindependently be an organic capping layer including an organic material,an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or acomposite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganicmaterial. The organic capping layer may include polyethylenetetephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide,polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate,hexamethyldisiloxane, acryl-based resin (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate,polyacrylic acid, etc.), or any combination thereof.

At least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer220 may each independently include at least one material selected fromcarbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine-based compounds,porphyrine derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, a naphthalocyaninederivatives, alkali metal complexes, and alkaline earth-based complexes.The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine-basedcompound may be optionally substituted with a substituent containing atleast one element selected from O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. In anexemplary embodiment, at least one selected from the first capping layer210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include anamine-based compound.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first cappinglayer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independentlyinclude a compound selected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and CompoundsCP1 to CP5 below, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device according to anexemplary embodiment has been described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 4,but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

Layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, andlayers constituting the electron transport region may be formed in acertain region by using one or more suitable methods selected fromvacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)deposition, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and laser-induced thermalimaging (LITI).

When layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer,and layers constituting the electron transport region are formed byvacuum deposition, the deposition may be performed at a depositiontemperature of about 100 Å to about 500 Å, a vacuum degree of about 10-8torr to about 10-3 torr, and a deposition speed of about 0.01 Å/sec toabout 100 Å/sec by taking into account a material to be included in alayer to be formed, and the structure of a layer to be formed.

When layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer,and layers constituting the electron transport region are formed by spincoating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating speed of about2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature ofabout 80° C. to 200° C. by taking into account a material to be includedin a layer to be formed, and the structure of a layer to be formed.

Apparatus

The light-emitting apparatus may further include, in addition to theorganic light-emitting device, a thin-film transistor. Here, thethin-film transistor may include a source electrode, an activationlayer, and a drain electrode, wherein the first electrode of the organiclight-emitting device may be in electrical connection with one of thesource electrode and the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor.The light-emitting apparatus may be used as various displays, lightsources, and the like.

The organic light-emitting device may be included in variousapparatuses. For example, the apparatus may be a light-emittingapparatus, an authentication apparatus, or an electronic apparatus.

The authentication apparatus may be, for example, a biometricauthentication apparatus for authenticating an individual by usingbiometric information of a biometric body (for example, a finger tip, apupil, or the like). The authentication apparatus may further include,in addition to the organic light-emitting device, a biometricinformation collector.

The electronic apparatus may be applied to personal computers (forexample, a mobile personal computer), mobile phones, digital cameras,electronic organizers, electronic dictionaries, electronic gamemachines, medical instruments (for example, electronic thermometers,sphygmomanometers, blood glucose meters, pulse measurement devices,pulse wave measurement devices, electrocardiogram (ECG) displays,ultrasonic diagnostic devices, or endoscope displays), fish finders,various measuring instruments, meters (for example, meters for avehicle, an aircraft, and a vessel), projectors, and the like, but theexemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

General Definition of Substituents

The term “C1-C60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear orbranched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethylgroup, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, atert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isoamyl group, and a hexyl group.The term “C1-C60 alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalentgroup having a structure corresponding to the C1-C60 alkyl group.

The term “C2-C60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or atthe terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include anethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C2-C60alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having astructure corresponding to the C2-C60 alkenyl group.

The term “C2-C60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or atthe terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include anethynyl group, and a propynyl group. The term “C2-C60 alkynylene group”as used herein refers to a divalent group having a structurecorresponding to the C2-C60 alkynyl group.

The term “C1-C60 alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalentgroup represented by —OA101 (wherein A101 is the C1-C60 alkyl group),and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and anisopropyloxy group.

The term “C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalentsaturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, andexamples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term“C3-C10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent grouphaving a structure corresponding to the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group.

The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected fromN, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, andexamples thereof include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, atetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term“C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalentgroup having a structure corresponding to the C1-C10 heterocycloalkylgroup.

The term C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least onecarbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, andexamples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenylene group” asused herein refers to a divalent group having a structure correspondingto the C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms,and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Non-limitingexamples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group include a4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, anda 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenylenegroup” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a structurecorresponding to the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C6-C60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent grouphaving a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and aC6-C60 arylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having acarbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limitingexamples of the C6-C60 aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, anda chrysenyl group. When the C6-C60 aryl group and the C6-C60 arylenegroup each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to eachother.

The term “C1-C60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least oneheteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, inaddition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C1-C60 heteroarylene group”as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromaticsystem that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and Sas a ring-forming atom, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms.Non-limiting examples of the C1-C60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. Whenthe C1-C60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C60 heteroarylene group eachinclude two or more rings, the rings may be fused with each other.

The term “C6-C60 aryloxy group” as used herein refers to —OA102 (whereinA102 is the C6-C60 aryl group), and a C6-C60 arylthio group used hereinindicates —SA103 (wherein A103 is the C6-C60 aryl group).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as usedherein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbonatoms) having two or more rings condensed with each other, only carbonatoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecularstructure. A detailed example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent grouphaving a structure corresponding to the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” asused herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 1 to 60carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, at leastone heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S, other than carbonatoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entiremolecular structure. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term “divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers toa divalent group having a structure corresponding to the monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “C4-C60 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to amonocyclic or polycyclic group having 4 to 60 carbon atoms in which aring-forming atom is a carbon atom only. The term “C4-C60 carbocyclicgroup” as used herein refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group or anon-aromatic carbocyclic group. The C4-C60 carbocyclic group may be aring, such as benzene, a monovalent group, such as a phenyl group, or adivalent group, such as a phenylene group. In one or more exemplaryembodiments, depending on the number of substituents connected to theC4-C60 carbocyclic group, the C4-C60 carbocyclic group may be atrivalent group or a quadrivalent group.

The term “C1-C60 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a grouphaving a structure corresponding to the C4-C60 carbocyclic group, exceptthat as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O,Si, P, and S is used in addition to carbon (the number of carbon atomsmay be in a range of 1 to 60).

The terms “hydrogen” and “deuterium” refers to their respective atomsand corresponding radicals.

In some exemplary embodiments, at least one substituent of thesubstituted C4-C60 carbocyclic group, the substituted C1-C60heterocyclic group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkylene group, thesubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C3-C10cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenylenegroup, the substituted C6-C60 arylene group, the substituted C1-C60heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, thesubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group,the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxygroup, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C60alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and aC1-C60 alkoxy group;

a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group,and a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 arylgroup, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)2(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 arylgroup, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 arylgroup, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenylgroup, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23),—N(Q21)(Q22), —B(Q21)(Q22), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)2(Q21), and—P(═O)(Q21)(Q22); and

—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31),—S(═O)2(Q31), and —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32),

Q11 to Q13, Q21 to Q23, and Q31 to Q33 may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, aC1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C1-C60 heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C1-C60 alkylgroup substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, and a cyano group, a C6-C60 aryl group substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, and a cyano group,a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

The term “Ph” as used herein refers to a phenyl group, the term “Me” asused herein refers to a methyl group, the term “Et” as used hereinrefers to an ethyl group, the term “ter-Bu” or “But” as used hereinrefers to a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe” as used herein refersto a methoxy group.

The term “biphenyl group” as used herein refers to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a phenyl group”. In other words, the “biphenyl group”is a substituted phenyl group having a C6-C60 aryl group as asubstituent.

The term “terphenyl group” as used herein refers to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a biphenyl group”. In other words, the “terphenylgroup” is a phenyl group having, as a substituent, a C6-C60 aryl groupsubstituted with a C6-C60 aryl group.

* and *′ as used herein, unless defined otherwise, each refer to abinding site to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, a compound according to exemplary embodiments and anorganic light-emitting device according to exemplary embodiments will bedescribed in detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples.The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing SynthesisExamples refers to that an identical molar equivalent of B was used inplace of A.

Examples—Synthesis Example: Synthesis of Compounds

Polycyclic compounds according to some exemplary embodiments may besynthesized by using, for example, the following methods. However, othersynthesis methods for the polycyclic compounds may be used.

Synthesis of Compound 2

Polycyclic compound 2 according to some exemplary embodiments may besynthesized according to, for example, the following Reaction Scheme 1.

Synthesis of Intermediate 1-3

2,4-dichloro-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (CAS:1700-02-3) and(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)boronic acid (CAS:1253912-58-1) were reactedin the presence of Pd catalyst to obtain Intermediate 1-3. Intermediate1-3 was confirmed by liquid chromatograpy-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS).

C33H24ClN3Si M+1: 526.36

Synthesis of Compound 2

0.3 g of 1,3-phenylboronic acid, 2.19 g of Intermediate 1-3, 0.08 g oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and 0.62 g of potassium carbonatewere added to a reaction container and dissolved in 20 mL oftetrahydrofuran and 5 mL of distilled water and refluxed for 24 hours.After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was extractedwith ethylacetate, the collected organic layer was dried using magnesiumsulfate, and the residue, obtained by evaporating the solvent therefrom,was separated and refined by silica gel column chromatography, therebyobtaining 1.6 g (yield: 84%) of Compound 2. Compound 2 was confirmed byLC-MS and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR).

Synthesis of Compound 7

Synthesis of Intermediate 2-3

2,4-dichloro-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (CAS:1700-02-3) anddibenzo[b,d]furan-2-ylboronic acid (CAS: 402936-15-6) were reacted inthe presence of Pd catalyst to obtain Intermediate 2-3. Intermediate 2-3was confirmed by LC-MS.

C33H24ClN3Si M+1: 358.12

Synthesis of Compound 7

0.3 g of 1,4-phenylboronic acid, 1.49 g of Intermediate 2-3, 0.08 g oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and 0.62 g of potassium carbonatewere added to a reaction container and dissolved in 20 mL oftetrahydrofuran and 5 mL of distilled water and refluxed for 24 hours.After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was extractedwith ethylacetate, the collected organic layer was dried using magnesiumsulfate, and the residue, obtained by evaporating the solvent therefrom,was separated and refined by silica gel column chromatography, therebyobtaining 1.13 g (yield: 87%) of Compound 7. Compound 7 was confirmed byLC-MS and 1H-NMR.

Synthesis of Compound 11

Synthesis of Intermediate 3-3

2,4-dichloro-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (CAS:1700-02-3) and 9H-carbazole(CAS: 86-74-8) were reacted in the presence of Pd catalyst to obtainIntermediate 3-3. Intermediate 3-3 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C33H24ClN3Si M+1: 357.25

Synthesis of Compound 11

0.3 g of 1,3-phenylboronic acid, 1.48 g of Intermediate 3-3, 0.08 g oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and 0.62 g of potassium carbonatewere added to a reaction container and dissolved in 20 mL oftetrahydrofuran and 5 mL of distilled water and refluxed for 24 hours.After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was extractedwith ethylacetate, the collected organic layer was dried using magnesiumsulfate, and the residue, obtained by evaporating the solvent therefrom,was separated and refined by silica gel column chromatography, therebyobtaining 1.17 g (yield: 90%) of Compound 11. Compound 11 was confirmedby LC-MS and 1H-NMR.

Synthesis of Compound 13

Synthesis of Intermediate 4-3

9-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (CAS: 24209-95-8) and(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)boronic acid (CAS:1253912-58-1) were reactedin the presence of Pd catalyst to obtain Intermediate 4-3. Intermediate4-3 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C33H24ClN3Si M+1: 615.43

Synthesis of Compound 13

0.3 g of 1,4-phenylboronic acid, 2.56 g of Intermediate 4-3, 0.08 g oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and 0.62 g of potassium carbonatewere added to a reaction container and dissolved in 20 mL oftetrahydrofuran and 5 mL of distilled water and refluxed for 24 hours.After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was extractedwith ethylacetate, the collected organic layer was dried using magnesiumsulfate, and the residue, obtained by evaporating the solvent therefrom,was separated and refined by silica gel column chromatography, therebyobtaining 1.83 g (yield: 82%) of Compound 13. Compound 13 was confirmedby LC-MS and 1H-NMR.

Synthesis of Compound 48

Synthesis of Intermediate 4-3

9-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (CAS: 24209-95-8) and(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)boronic acid (CAS:1253912-58-1) were reactedin the presence of Pd catalyst to obtain Intermediate 4-3. Intermediate4-3 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C33H24ClN3Si M+1:615.43

Synthesis of Compound 48

1.0 g of Intermediate 4-3, 0.76 g of(3′-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)boronic acid,0.08 g of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and 0.56 g of potassiumcarbonate were added to a reaction container and dissolved in 20 mL oftetrahydrofuran and 5 mL of distilled water and refluxed for 24 hours.After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was extractedwith ethylacetate, the collected organic layer was dried using magnesiumsulfate, and the residue, obtained by evaporating the solvent therefrom,was separated and refined by silica gel column chromatography, therebyobtaining 1.19 g (yield: 76%) of Compound 48. Compound 48 was confirmedby LC-MS and 1H-NMR.

Synthesis of Compound 75

Synthesis of Intermediate 4-3

9-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (CAS: 24209-95-8) and(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)boronic acid (CAS:1253912-58-1) were reactedin the presence of Pd catalyst to obtain Intermediate 4-3. Intermediate4-3 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C33H24ClN3Si M+1: 615.43

Synthesis of Compound 75

1 g of Intermediate 4-3, 0.63 g of(3-(4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)boronic acid, 0.08 g oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and 0.62 g of potassium carbonatewere added to a reaction container and dissolved in 20 mL oftetrahydrofuran and 5 mL of distilled water and refluxed for 24 hours.After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was extractedwith ethylacetate, the collected organic layer was dried using magnesiumsulfate, and the residue, obtained by evaporating the solvent therefrom,was separated and refined by silica gel column chromatography, therebyobtaining 1.14 g (yield: 79%) of Compound 75. Compound 75 was confirmedby LC-MS and 1H-NMR.

Synthesis of Compound 109

Synthesis of Intermediate 4-3

9-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (CAS: 24209-95-8) and(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)boronic acid (CAS:1253912-58-1) were reactedin the presence of Pd catalyst to obtain Intermediate 4-3. Intermediate4-3 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C33H24ClN3Si M+1: 615.43

Synthesis of Compound 109

1 g of Intermediate 4-3, 0.63 g of(3-(2,6-diphenylpyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)boronic acid, 0.08 g oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and 0.62 g of potassium carbonatewere added to a reaction container and dissolved in 20 mL oftetrahydrofuran and 5 mL of distilled water and refluxed for 24 hours.After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was extractedwith ethylacetate, the collected organic layer was dried using magnesiumsulfate, and the residue, obtained by evaporating the solvent therefrom,was separated and refined by silica gel column chromatography, therebyobtaining 1.15 g (yield: 80%) of Compound 109. Compound 109 wasconfirmed by LC-MS and 1H-NMR.

The compounds synthesized according to Synthesis Examples above wereidentified by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry-fast atom bombardment(MS/FAB), and results are shown in Table 1 below.

Synthesis methods of compounds other than Compounds shown in Table 1 mayalso be easily recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art byreferring to the synthesis mechanisms and source materials describedabove.

TABLE 1 MS/FAB Compound 1H NMR (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), 300 MHz)found calc. 2 8.38 (d, 4H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 2H), 1057.23 1056.387.73 (t, 1H), 7.64 (t, 2H), 7.46-7.38 (m, 42H) 7 8.36 (d, 4H), 7.98-7.96(d, 6H), 7.88-7.83 (m, 6H), 721.29 720.23 7.54-7.50 (m, 8H), 7.39 (t,2H), 7.30 (t, 2H) 11 8.55 (d, 2H), 8.38-8.36 (d, 6H), 8.19 (d, 2H),719.31 718.26 7.94 (m, 3H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.50 (m, 10H), 7.35(t,2H), 7.20-7.16 (t, 4H) 13 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.38-8.34 (d, 2H), 8.19 (d, 2H),7.94- 1235.54 1234.43 7.88 (m, 8H), 7.58-7.35 (m, 40H), 7.20-7.16 (m,4H) 48 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.38-8.36 (d, 6H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 7.96- 964.41963.35 7.88 (m, 5H), 7.64-7.35 (m, 30H), 7.20-7.16 (t, 2H), 75 8.55 (d,1H), 8.38 (d, 3H), 8.23-8.19 (m, 2H), 887.45 886.32 7.94-7.88 (m, 7H),7.73-7.38 (m, 27H), 7.20-7.16 (m, 2H) 109 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.38 (d, 3H),8.23-8.19 (m, 2H), 887.47 886.32 7.94-7.88 (m, 7H), 7.73-7.38 (m, 27H),7.20-7.16 (m, 2H)

Manufacture of Organic Light-Emitting Device

Example 1

As an anode, a 15 Ω/cm2 (1,200 Å) ITO glass substrate available fromCorning, Inc. of Corning, N.Y. (hereinafter “Corning”) was cut to a sizeof 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated with isopropyl alcohol and pure watereach for 5 minutes, and then cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays andozone for 30 minutes. The ITO glass substrate was provided to a vacuumdeposition apparatus.

A known compound NPD was vacuum-deposited on the ITO glass substrate toform a hole injection layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and then(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (mCP) was vacuum-deposited on thehole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thicknessof 200 Å.

Compound 2 and FD1 were co-deposited on the hole transport layer at aweight ratio of 92:8 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 250Å. Then, as a compound for an electron transport layer, TAZ wasdeposited thereon to form an electron transport layer having a thicknessof 200 Å.

LiF, which is a halogenated alkali metal, was deposited on the electrontransport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thicknessof 10 Å, and Al was vacuum-deposited thereon to form a cathode having athickness of 100 Å to form a LiF/Al electrode, thereby completing themanufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 7 was used instead of Compound 2 informing the emission layer.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 11 was used instead of Compound 2 informing the emission layer.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 13 was used instead of Compound 2 informing the emission layer.

Example 5

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 48 was used instead of Compound 2 informing the emission layer.

Example 6

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin

Example 1, except that Compound 75 was used instead of Compound 2 informing the emission layer.

Example 7

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 109 was used instead of Compound 2 informing the emission layer.

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 582, which is a known compound, wasused instead of Compound 2 in forming the emission layer.

582

Comparative Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that Compound 600 was used instead of Compound 2 informing the emission layer.

600

To evaluate the characteristics of the organic light-emitting devicesmanufactured according to Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and2, the driving voltage, current density and maximum quantum efficiencyof the organic light-emitting devices were measured at the currentdensity of 10 mA/cm².

The driving voltage and current density of the organic light-emittingdevices were measured using a source meter (Keithley Instrument Inc.,2400 series by Tektronix, Inc., of Beaverton, Oreg.), and the maximumquantum efficiency thereof was measured using an external quantumefficiency measuring device C9920-2-12 manufactured by HamamatsuPhotonics Inc of Hamamatsu City, Japan.

In evaluating the maximum quantum efficiency, luminance and currentdensity were measured using a luminance meter that had been subjected tocalibration of wavelength sensitivity, and the maximum quantumefficiency was calculated using an angular luminance distribution(Lambertian) which was assumed considering a fully diffusion reflectionsurface.

TABLE 2 Maximum Driving Effi- Quantum Emission Voltage ciency EfficiencyEmission Layer (V) (Cd/A) (%) Color Example 1 Compound 2 4.0 15.8 23.4Blue Example 2 Compound 7 3.5 16.3 24.0 Blue Example 3 Compound 11 3.416.3 24.3 Blue Example 4 Compound 13 4.2 16.7 25.3 Blue Example 5Compound 48 4.1 16.1 24.2 Blue Example 6 Compound 75 4.0 16.3 24.6 BlueExample 7 Compound 109 4.0 16.3 24.5 Blue Comparative Compound 582 4.513.1 20.2 Blue Example 1 Comparative Compound 600 4.7 13.2 20.4 BlueExample 2

Referring to Table 2, it was confirmed that the organic light-emittingdevices manufactured according to Examples 1 to 7 showed excellentresults compared to those of the organic light-emitting devicesmanufactured according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

This is because the compound of Formula 1 according to exemplaryembodiments has a high triplet energy and thus reverse intersystemcrossing (RISC) to a singlet state easily occurs, leading to highefficiency of the organic light-emitting devices.

The compound of Formula 1 according to exemplary embodiments has themaximized electron transport capacity. When the compound is used in anemission layer of an organic light-emitting device, the electron-holerecombination zone is enlarged compared to the materials of the relatedart. Therefore, when the emission layer of the organic light-emittingdevice includes the compound of Formula 1 according to at least oneexemplary embodiment, the efficiency is increased. The compound offormula 1 according to the exemplary embodiments functions as a delayedfluorescent host.

Although certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have beendescribed herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparentfrom this description. Accordingly, the inventive concepts are notlimited to such embodiments, but rather to the broader scope of theappended claims and various obvious modifications and equivalentarrangements as would be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in theart.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode each independently include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO₂) and indium zinc oxide (IZO), and wherein the organic layer comprises the compound of Formula 1 below:

wherein, in Formula 1, X1 is N or CR11, X2 is N or CR12, X3 is N or CR13, and at least one of X1 to X3 is N, R1 to R5 and R11 to R13 are each, independently of one another, selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), —B(Q1)(Q2), —P(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)₂(Q1), and —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2), and with the proviso that at least one of R1 to R4 is an N-containing 6-membered heteroaryl group is excluded, L1 and L2 are each, independently of one another, a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C60 carbocyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group, l and m are each, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2, or 3, a is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and at least one substituent of the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted, a C6-C60 arylene group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroarylene group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C4-C60 carbocyclic group, and the substituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group; a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each, independently from one another, substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q11)(Q12), —B(Q11)(Q12), —C(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)₂(Q11), or —P(═O)(Q11)(Q12); a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group; or a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, each substituted, independently from one another, with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q21)(Q22), —B(Q21)(Q22), —C(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)₂(Q21), —P(═O)(Q21)(Q22), —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)₂(Q31), or —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32), wherein Q1 to Q3, Q11 to Q13, Q21 to Q23, and Q31 to Q33 are each, independently from one another, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, or a terphenyl group.
 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R1 to R4 in Formula 1 are each, independently from one another, a unsubstituted or substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a unsubstituted or substituted C6-C60 aryl group, a unsubstituted or substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.
 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R1 to R4 in Formula 1 are each, independently from one another: a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or an azacarbazolyl group; each, independently from one another, optionally substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)₂(Q31), or —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32), wherein Q31 to Q33 have the same meanings as in claim
 1. 4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 in Formula 1 are each, independently from one another: a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, or an azacarbazolylene group, each, independently from one another, optionally substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or an azacarbazolyl group.
 5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein l and m are each, independently from one another, 0 or
 1. 6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R1 to R4 are each, independently from one another, a formula of Formulae 2a to 2d:

wherein H1 in Formulae 2a to 2d is 0, S, or NR11, Z1 to Z9, and R11 are each, independently from one another, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, or a phenanthrolinyl group, a1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, a5 is an integer from 1 2, 3, or 4, a6 and a7 are each, independently from one another, 1, 2, or to 3, a8 and a9 are each, independently from one another, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 are each, independently from one another, a compound of Formula 3a:

wherein Z11 in Formula 3a is hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, or a phenanthrolinyl group, a11 is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 2 below:

wherein R1 to R5, L1, a, and l in Formula 2 have the same meanings as in claim
 1. 9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 3 below:

wherein R1 to R5, R12, L1, a, and l in Formula 3 have the same meanings as in claim
 1. 10. The compound of claim 9, wherein R12 is hydrogen or deuterium.
 11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 1 is a compound of Formula 4 below:

wherein R1 to R5, R13, L1, a, and l in Formula 4 have the same meanings as in claim
 1. 12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 1 is one of the following compounds:


13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises an anode, the second electrode comprises a cathode, and the organic layer comprises i) a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer and comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and ii) an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode and comprises a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.
 14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises the compound.
 15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises a fluorescent emission layer.
 16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises a host, wherein the host comprises the compound.
 17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the compound is a delayed fluorescent host.
 18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises a blue emission layer.
 19. An electronic apparatus comprising a thin-film transistor and the organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the thin-film transistor comprises a source electrode, a drain electrode, an activation layer, and a gate electrode, and the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device is in electrical contact with one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor. 